负序及谐波畸变电网电压下双馈风力发电系统的改进直接功率控制策略

由于定子直接连接到电网,电网电压中的负序和谐波分量会严重恶化双馈风力发电机(DFIG)系统的运行性能,导致系统输出总电流三相不对称及谐波畸变、总输出有功功率及无功功率波动等,使得DFIG系统无法安全稳定可靠运行,且输出风电质量下降。同时考虑负序和谐波电网下DFIG系统机侧变流器和网侧变流器的运行状态,以改善DFIG系统总输出电流或功率质量为目标,研究基于二阶矢量积分器(SOVI)的DFIG系统网侧和机侧变流器改进直接功率控制(DPC)策略,改善DFIG系统的运行性能。实验结果验证了所提出的负序和谐波畸变电网电压下DPC策略的正确性及有效性。     

A systems theoretic approach to second moment modelling of probabilistic engineering systems∗

A new approach to modelling probabilistic and stochastic engineering systems using graph theory is outlined. This approach emphasizes the introduction of probabilistic and stochastic concepts at the very beginning of the model building process. This is in marked contrast to past tendencies to add probabilistic concepts to the end of an otherwise deterministic model building process. The development of topological models founded on oriented probabilistic measurements is given. which leads to the identification of some useful statistical properties of the’ random interconnection equations’. The development of probabilistic component models is given, where a component can be characterized independently of other components. Methods for automatically building the second moment representation of the Mixed Nodal Tableau are discussed. The application of the above theory to the probabilistic analysis of a pipe network problem is briefly described.     

Thermodynamic aspects of power generation in imperfect fuel cells: part II

This research continues the thermodynamic analysis of steady-state solid oxide fuel cells initiated in Sieniutycz (Sieniutycz, S., 2010, Thermodynamic aspects of power generation in imperfect fuel cells: part I. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 31 (4), 195–202). This analysis focuses on the effect of incomplete conversions in chemical reactions. A general approach is developed that attributes lowering of the cell voltage below its reversible value to polarisations and imperfect chemical conversions. Relevant model, appropriate for systems with complete conversions, is extended to imperfect cases. The performance curves of a fuel cell and the effect of typical design and operating parameters on the cell behaviour are analysed. A general result is obtained for power limits of fuel cells propelled by linear transport phenomena.     

On “Critical Period Hypothesis” and demonstrate the irrationality of English learning begins in the Early Childhood in China

This paper first introduces the “Critical Period Hypothesis”(CPH) in L2 acquisition and the view of its supporters. However, it raised the opposite views from many other scholars and made them using th...     

工业厂房内变配电室通风设计

分析了变配电室通风的必要性,介绍了变配电室通风量的计算方法,并结合某工业厂房二层楼面变配电室通风系统的设计实例,针对一层厂房热空气浮力上升现象,提出了厂房二楼平面变配电室需正压送风的方法,并作了阐述,以达到消除余热效果。     

胶东西部灵山沟金矿床地质特征与成因探讨

灵山沟金矿床是招掖金矿带上的一个重要金矿床.文章通过搜集已有资料和综合近年来最新的研究成果,对该矿床的地质背景、矿体及矿石特征、赋存状态、围岩蚀变、同位素特征、包裹体特征、矿床成因等方面进行了系统的研究和分析.认为该金矿床受北东向断裂构造控制,具典型的中温热液蚀变特征,岩浆活动具多期次,成矿阶段温度变化不大,成矿流体为低盐度的H2O-NaCl-CO2-H2S体系,硫来源于深源地幔,成矿流体来源以岩浆水为主,混入不同程度的大气降水和变质水,矿床成因为中温热液脉状金矿床,属中成造山型金矿.     

LIFAC脱硫粉煤灰物相分析

采用化学分析，TG－DSC，FT－IR，XRD，SEM／EDS，偏光显微镜等方法，研究了南京下关发电厂炉内喷钙尾部湿活化（limestone injection into the furnace and activation of calcium oxide,简称为LIFAC）烟气脱硫工艺产生的LIFAC脱硫粉煤灰的化学组成和物相组成，并与普通粉煤灰作了对比。结果表明，该脱硫粉煤灰除含有普通粉煤灰玻璃相与晶相外，还含有活性f-Cao,Ca(OH)2,CaSO4,CaSO3和少量未分解CaCO3等脱硫产物。     

Reconstructing the microstructure of polyimide–silicalite mixed‐matrix membranes and their particle connectivity using FIB‐SEM tomography

Properties of a composite material made of a continuous matrix and particles often depend on microscopic details, such as contacts between particles. Focusing on processing raw focused‐ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB‐SEM) tomography data, we reconstructed three mixed‐matrix membrane samples made of 6FDA‐ODA polyimide and silicalite‐1 particles. In the first step of image processing, backscattered electron (BSE) and secondary electron (SE) signals were mixed in a ratio that was expected to obtain a segmented 3D image with a realistic volume fraction of silicalite‐1. Second, after spatial alignment of the stacked FIB‐SEM data, the 3D image was smoothed using adaptive median and anisotropic nonlinear diffusion filters. Third, the image was segmented using the power watershed method coupled with a seeding algorithm based on geodesic reconstruction from the markers. If the resulting volume fraction did not match the target value quantified by chemical analysis of the sample, the BSE and SE signals were mixed in another ratio and the procedure was repeated until the target volume fraction was achieved. Otherwise, the segmented 3D image (replica) was accepted and its microstructure was thoroughly characterized with special attention paid to connectivity of the silicalite phase. In terms of the phase connectivity, Monte Carlo simulations based on the pure‐phase permeability values enabled us to calculate the effective permeability tensor, the main diagonal elements of which were compared with the experimental permeability. In line with the hypothesis proposed in our recent paper (?apek, P. et al. (2014) Comput. Mater. Sci. 89 , 142–156), the results confirmed that the existence of particle clusters was a key microstructural feature determining effective permeability.     

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺锁紧机构可靠性设计及优化

鉴于传统确定性优化方法没有考虑结构参数的随机性对结构性能的影响,本文提出了一种基于可靠性灵敏度的锁紧弹片结构优化方法。首先,以某磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺锁紧弹片为研究对象,研究了有限元建模和失效模式;然后,考虑弹片结构尺寸和材料参数的随机性,结合响应面法与一次二阶矩法,研究了串联失效模式下弹片的可靠度计算方法,进而推导了可靠性关于设计变量均值和方差的灵敏度计算公式;最后,根据灵敏度分析结果,研究确定了弹片结构优化策略,构建了弹片可靠性优化模型。分析了安全系数法和可靠性法优化结果的差异,结果表明:与安全系数法相比,可靠性法的优化结果更好;在保证弹片可靠度的前提下,采用可靠性优化方法不仅使弹片质量下降了23.71%,使锁紧机构更加优化,而且使陀螺房质量也下降了0.98kg,有利于磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺整机结构的轻量化。     

基于差分数字化递推关系模型的二阶系统动态过程实时仿真

针对二阶系统在不同输入条件下的输出响应求解问题,以RLC振荡电路为研究对象,分析和建立了二阶系统输入输出关系微分方程数学模型,采用连续差分化方法,得到系统时域数字化输入输出递推关系模型,基于组态王工控软件编制了二阶系统动态过程实时仿真程序。通过仿真操作界面,在不中断仿真过程的情况下,可实时对输入信号或系统结构参数进行修改,系统响应过程数据及曲线能够连续实时输出和显示,仿真数据对实际生产设备动态特性研究以及控制器参数的调整具有重要参考意义。